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Manifold is a formal, rather old-fashioned word for 'many and of many kinds.' You mostly meet it in serious writing — 'the manifold problems facing the city' means there are many different problems, not just one big one. It sounds bigger and more literary than just saying 'many,' so people reach for it when they want to sound serious or official.
Manifold是 a formal, rather old-fashioned word for 'many and of many kinds.'一個正式、有點過時的字，意思是「多種多樣的」. You mostly meet it in serious writing你大多會在嚴肅的文章裡遇到它 — 'the manifold problems facing the city'像the manifold problems facing the city means there are many different problems意思是城市面臨很多不同的問題, not just one big one而不是只有一個大問題. It它 sounds bigger and more literary than just saying 'many,'聽起來比單純說many還要更宏大、更有文學感, so所以 people reach for it人們會用這個字 when they want to sound serious or official想聽起來嚴肅或正式的時候
There is also a completely different, everyday meaning in cars and machines: a manifold is a pipe or chamber with several openings that lets gas or liquid flow in or out (an exhaust manifold). Same word, but this second meaning is just a technical part name — you don't need to connect it back to 'many' to use it correctly.
in cars and machines在汽車和機械方面 There is還有 a completely different, everyday meaning一個完全不同的日常意思: a manifold is a pipe or chamber with several openingsmanifold是指一種有好幾個開口的管子或腔室 that lets gas or liquid flow in or out讓氣體或液體能進出 (an exhaust manifold)（像exhaust manifold，排氣歧管）. Same word同一個字, but但 this second meaning is just a technical part name這第二個意思只是一個技術性零件的名稱 — you don't need to connect it back to 'many' to use it correctly你不需要把它跟many的意思連在一起也能正確使用
組成From Old English 'many' + 'fold.' You already know 'fold' from words like twofold and threefold, where it means 'times' — so manifold literally means 'many times over,' i.e. many kinds.
原始詞典資料14 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
Manifoldname
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A surname.
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An unincorporated community in Washington County, Pennsylvania, United States.
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A river in Staffordshire, England, a tributary of the River Dove; in full, the River Manifold.
manifoldadj詞源 1/ˈmænɪˌfoʊld/
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Various in kind, quality, or manifestation; diverse.
- The manifold meanings of the English word set are infamous among lexicographers.
- [E]ch man as he receyuede grace, mynistringe ‘it in to ech other, as goode dispenderes of the manyfolde grace of God.
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Many in number; numerous.
- And although we be vnworthy (through our manyfolde ſynnes) to offre vnto thee any Sacryfice: Yet we beſeche thee to accepte thys our bounden duetie and ſeruice: and commande theſe our prayers and ſupplicacions, by the Miniſtery of thy holy Angels, to be brought vp into thy holy Tabernacle before the ſyght of thy dyuine maieſtie: […]
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Complicated.
manifoldadv詞源 1/ˈmænɪˌfoʊld/
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Many times; repeatedly.
- when his daughter deare he does behold, / Her dearely doth imbrace, and kisseth manifold.
- It was found necessary to clear the entire piers from the mass of onlookers, or else the fatalities of the night would have been increased manifold.
manifoldnoun詞源 1/ˈmænɪˌfoʊld/
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historicalA copy made by the manifold writing process.
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engineeringmechanical-engineeringmechanicsA pipe fitting or similar device that connects multiple inputs and outputs.
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dialectalThe third stomach of a ruminant animal, an omasum.
- My conjecture being right he will find the third stomach, or manifolds, the seat of difficulty.
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mathematicssciencesA Hausdorff topological space that looks locally like the "ordinary" Euclidean space ℝⁿ.
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computer-graphicscomputingengineeringA polygon mesh representing the continuous, closed surface of a solid object
manifoldverb詞源 2/ˈmænɪˌfoʊld/
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To make manifold; multiply.
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mediaprintingpublishingTo multiply or reproduce impressions of by a single operation.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。