A Kalashnikov is a kind of rifle — a long gun — that can fire very fast, one shot after another.

A Kalashnikov isKalashnikov是 a kind of rifle一種步槍 — a long gun —一種長槍 that can fire very fast, one shot after another可以連續很快地一發接一發開火。

It is named after Mikhail Kalashnikov, a Russian soldier and inventor (1919–2013) who designed it after the Second World War.

It is named after Mikhail Kalashnikov它是以Mikhail Kalashnikov命名的，a Russian soldier and inventor (1919–2013)他是一位俄國軍人兼發明家（1919–2013），who designed it after the Second World War在二次世界大戰後設計出這種槍。

The most famous model is the AK-47; in ordinary talk, “a Kalashnikov” often just means that family of guns, not one special museum piece.

The most famous model is the AK-47最有名的型號是AK-47；in ordinary talk, 'a Kalashnikov' often just means在一般講話裡，「a Kalashnikov」常常就是指 that family of guns那整個系列的槍，not one special museum piece不是指某一把博物館裡的特別展品。

They became common because they are relatively cheap, simple to learn, and keep working when they are dirty or roughly treated. Armies have used them, and so have fighters in many wars, so the name in the news is often a shorthand for that whole style of assault rifle.

They became common它們變得普遍，because they are relatively cheap, simple to learn, and keep working when they are dirty or roughly treated是因為相對便宜、容易學會使用，而且就算髒了或被粗暴對待也還能繼續運作。Armies have used them, and so have fighters in many wars各國軍隊用過它們，很多戰爭裡的戰士也用過，so the name in the news is often a shorthand for that whole style of assault rifle所以新聞裡這個名字常常就是那整類突擊步槍的簡稱。

It is a proper name turned into a thing-name: like saying “a Ford” for a car.

It is a proper name turned into a thing-name它是一個專有名詞變成普通名詞的例子：like saying 'a Ford' for a car就像用「a Ford」來稱呼一輛車一樣。