Johannesburg is the biggest city in South Africa, and the country's main centre for business, money, and industry. People often shorten the name to Jo'burg, and many locals call it Jozi. Though actually, it is not the capital. South Africa splits that job: Pretoria for government offices, Cape Town for parliament, Bloemfontein for the highest courts. Johannesburg grew fast after gold was found nearby in the late 1800s. The name was borrowed from Dutch: Johannes (a form of the name John) plus burg, a Germanic word for a town or fortress. For much of the twentieth century, under apartheid — a system of laws that kept people apart by race and treated Black people as less — Black people were not allowed to live in the city itself. They had to live in townships outside it, especially Soweto. That rule ended when apartheid ended, but the history still shapes the city.