A JCB is a heavy machine used to dig holes and move earth, with a big scoop and a digging arm. In Britain people say a JCB the way they might say a digger: the letters are a brand name that became the everyday word for that kind of vehicle, a bit like saying a brand name when you mean the whole type of thing. The letters are the initials of Joseph Cyril Bamford, who started the company. You will hear this far more in British English than in American English, where people say backhoe or excavator. On a Taiwan building site the machine is real enough, but people here do not usually call it a JCB in Chinese; they have their own everyday names, and JCB is one British maker among others.