A geology word. Igneous rock is rock that was once melted — hot liquid rock, either lava that came out of a volcano, or magma that stayed under the ground — and then cooled down and went hard. That is the whole idea: rock made by fire and cooling.

A geology word這是一個地質學的用字。Igneous rock火成岩 is rock that was once melted是曾經融化過的岩石 — hot liquid rock也就是滾燙的液態岩石, either lava that came out of a volcano可能是從火山噴出來的熔岩, or magma that stayed under the ground或是留在地底下的岩漿 — and then cooled down and went hard然後冷卻下來變硬。That is the whole idea這就是整個概念: rock made by fire and cooling由火和冷卻造成的岩石。

Granite is igneous. So is basalt, the dark rock you see in old lava fields.

Granite is igneous花崗岩是火成岩。So is basalt玄武岩也是, the dark rock you see in old lava fields就是你在古老熔岩地帶會看到的那種深色岩石。

Textbooks usually teach three rock types together, so students meet this word next to two others: sedimentary (made from layers of sand and mud pressed down) and metamorphic (rock changed by heat and pressure but never fully melted). The line between igneous and metamorphic is where students get confused: metamorphic rock got hot, but not hot enough to become liquid. Igneous rock did become liquid.

Textbooks usually teach three rock types together教科書通常會把三種岩石類型放在一起教, so students meet this word next to two others所以學生會在這個字旁邊同時遇到另外兩個字: sedimentary沉積岩 (made from layers of sand and mud pressed down)（是沙和泥層層堆壓形成的） and metamorphic和變質岩 (rock changed by heat and pressure but never fully melted)（是被熱和壓力改變過，但從未完全融化的岩石）。The line between igneous and metamorphic is where students get confused火成岩和變質岩之間的分界，是學生最容易搞混的地方: metamorphic rock got hot變質岩曾經變熱過, but not hot enough to become liquid但沒有熱到變成液態。Igneous rock did become liquid火成岩則是真的變成了液態。

Outside geology class and science writing, almost nobody says this word. It has no everyday or emotional use — you will not hear someone call a person or a temper 'igneous'. It is almost always in front of 'rock' or 'rocks'.

Outside geology class and science writing在地科課和科學文章之外, almost nobody says this word幾乎沒有人會用這個字。It has no everyday or emotional use它沒有日常或帶感情色彩的用法 — you will not hear someone call a person or a temper 'igneous'你不會聽到有人用'igneous'來形容一個人或一種脾氣。It is almost always in front of 'rock' or 'rocks'它幾乎都是放在'rock'或'rocks'前面。

There is no verb and no common noun form; if you want the noun idea you just say 'an igneous rock'.

There is no verb and no common noun form沒有動詞形式，也沒有常見的名詞形式; if you want the noun idea you just say 'an igneous rock'如果你想表達名詞的概念，就直接說'an igneous rock'。