Ibid. is a short Latin label you meet in formal writing, most of all in the small notes at the bottom of a page. It means “from the same book, the same writer, or the same article I just named.” So if you point to a book on one line, and the next note is still that book, you can write ibid. instead of writing the whole name again. You may add a new page number: ibid., p. 55.

Ibid. ibid.是個 is a short Latin label是個簡短的拉丁文標記 you你 meet in formal writing會在正式寫作裡遇到, most of all尤其是 in the small notes at the bottom of a page在頁面下方的小註解裡。 It它 means意思是 “from the same book, the same writer, or the same article I just named.”「來自我剛剛提過的同一本書、同一位作者，或同一篇文章」 So所以 if如果 you你 point to a book on one line在某一行提到一本書, and而 the next note下一則註解 is still that book還是同一本書, you你 can write ibid.就可以寫ibid. instead of writing the whole name again而不用再把全名寫一次。 You你 may add a new page number可以加上新的頁碼: ibid., p. 55就寫成ibid., p. 55。

Though actually, this is a paper tool, not a speaking word. Nobody says ibid in a shop or a chat.

Though actually不過其實, this這 is a paper tool是紙本寫作的工具, not a speaking word不是用來說的字。 Nobody沒有人 says ibid會在店裡或聊天時說ibid in a shop or a chat。

Some teachers now ask students not to use it, because if you later move a paragraph, “the same book as above” can point to the wrong line. It still appears a lot in older papers and in some university styles.

Some teachers有些老師 now ask students現在會要求學生 not to use it不要用它, because因為 if如果 you你 later move a paragraph之後把一段文字搬動位置, “the same book as above”「跟上面同一本書」這句話 can point to the wrong line可能就會指錯行。 It它 still appears a lot還是常常出現 in older papers and in some university styles在比較舊的論文和一些大學格式裡。

It feels very formal — a little dusty. Say it as two short bits, “ib-id.” It is usually written with a full stop: ibid.

It它 feels very formal感覺非常正式 — a little dusty有點陳舊的味道。 Say it把它唸成 as two short bits兩個短短的音節, “ib-id.”「ib-id」 It它 is usually written通常會寫成 with a full stop加句點: ibid。