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A hoodlum is a criminal, often a young one, who does violent or illegal things in a loud street way: fighting, stealing, people. San Francisco newspapers were already using it in December 1866 for a “Hoodlum Gang” of young thieves. It feels a little old now. A or a black-and-white crime film might say hoodlum; a young person is more likely to say thug. It is not the word for a quiet criminal in a nice suit. Though actually, people also throw it at any rough, badly behaved youth even when no crime has happened, so it can be unfair, and it always sounds .
流氓；小混混
組成First written down in a San Francisco newspaper in December 1866. No one agrees on the root. It may come from a German-dialect word such as Swabian hudelum (“disorderly”) or Bavarian Haderlump (a ragged, messy person). A later book, Herbert Asbury’s The Barbary Coast (1933), says a street gang shouted “huddle ’em” (beat them up) at unemployed Irishmen, and newspapers then used the name — but that is one telling, not a proven fact.
原始詞典資料2 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
hoodlumnoun/ˈhuːdləm/
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A gangster; a hired thug.
- When the hoodlums reach their headquarters...
- There is no question the MS-13 gang must be stopped. It is a vile organization of hoodlums with no regard for life.
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A rough or violent youth.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。