Herzegovina is the southern part of the country Bosnia and Herzegovina, in south-east Europe. It is not a country on its own, though the name sits in the country's full name — and that trips a lot of people up. The country used to belong to Yugoslavia. It became independent in 1992, and then there was a civil war from 1992 to 1995 among Bosniak Muslims, Croats, and Serbs. In loose talk, people often say just "Bosnia" for the whole country. That is common, but it leaves Herzegovina out, and people from there notice. You will meet the word in news, history, and geography, not in everyday chat. Mostar is the city many people picture.