Heraldry is the study of coats of arms: the pictures, colours, animals, and mottos that families, cities, and old orders put on shields, flags, and badges. In the Middle Ages a herald was the official who called out names, carried messages, and — though actually this became a huge part of the job — kept the records of who was allowed which picture, so two knights did not ride out with the same shield. Heraldry is the whole system around that work: the rules (which colours may sit on which, what a lion “means” in that picture-language) and the history of those family signs.

Heraldry is the study of coats of armsheraldry是研究紋章的學問：that families, cities, and old orders put on shields, flags, and badges家族、城市和古老組織放在盾牌、旗幟、徽章上的 the pictures, colours, animals, and mottos那些圖案、顏色、動物和格言。In the Middle Ages中世紀時，a herald was the official who called out names, carried messagesherald（傳令官）是負責喊名字、傳話的官員，and — though actually this became a huge part of the job —而且——不過其實這後來變成工作裡很重要的一部分——kept the records of who was allowed which picture還要記錄誰被允許用哪種圖案，so two knights did not ride out with the same shield這樣才不會有兩個騎士拿著一樣的盾牌出戰。Heraldry is the whole system around that workheraldry是圍繞這份工作的整套系統：the rules (which colours may sit on which, what a lion "means" in that picture-language)規則——哪些顏色可以配在一起、獅子在那套圖像語言裡「代表」什麼——and the history of those family signs還有這些家族符號的歷史

You meet it in history class, in museums, and when someone talks about a school crest or a city’s coat of arms. It is a specialist, slightly old-world word; ordinary chat almost never needs it.

in history class, in museums在歷史課、博物館，and when someone talks about a school crest or a city's coat of arms還有有人談到學校校徽或城市紋章時 You meet it你會遇到這個詞。It is a specialist, slightly old-world word這是一個很專門、有點古典的字；ordinary chat almost never needs it日常聊天幾乎用不到

People sometimes stretch it and call any fancy logo “heraldry,” though strictly a company logo is not a coat of arms and does not follow those old rules.

People sometimes stretch it and call any fancy logo "heraldry,"有些人有時候會延伸用法，把任何花俏的標誌都叫做「heraldry」，though strictly a company logo is not a coat of arms and does not follow those old rules不過嚴格來說，公司標誌不是紋章，也不會遵守那些古老的規則