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The Gulag was the system of prison camps in the old Soviet Union. People were sent there to do hard labour. Conditions were very bad: cold, hunger, and many deaths. The word is a Russian short form, from the name of the government office that ran the camps. That office was set up after the Russian Revolution and was formally ended in 1960, but the camps — and the memory of them — lasted much longer. People now sometimes stretch gulag to mean any harsh prison camp run by a state. Though actually, a careful speaker keeps it for that Soviet system, and says prison camp for the rest.
古拉格（蘇聯勞改營體系）
組成Borrowed from Russian ГУЛАГ (GULAG), a short form of Chief Administration of Corrective-Labor Camps — the office that ran the Soviet forced-labour camps.
原始詞典資料7 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
GULAGname/ˈɡuːlɑɡ/
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historicalThe government agency in charge of the Soviet Union's network of forced labour camps, which was established in 1918 and formally abolished in 1960.
- The millions of slave-labourers at the disposal of GULAG played an important economic role, and indeed became accepted as a normal component of the Soviet economy.
gulagnoun/ˈɡuːlɑɡ/
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historicalAlso GULAG: the system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s).
- One important difference between the GULAG system and the Nazi concentration camps was that a person sentenced to five years of hard labor in a Soviet labor camp could expect, assuming he or she survived, to be released at the end of the sentence.
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A prison camp, especially one used to hold political prisoners.
- Nevertheless, the Trump administration has continued to insist that Abrego Garcia is a dangerous gang member in order to justify sending him to an overseas Gulag that has been accused of torturing inmates.
- The subtext of Knowles’s tweet was also clear: [Nayib] Bukele has partnered with the Trump administration to hold immigrants deported from America, with no due process, in El Salvador’s most notorious gulag.
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A place where, or political system in which, people with dissident views are routinely oppressed.
gulagverb/ˈɡuːlɑɡ/
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informalTo compel (someone) into a forced labour camp or a similar place of confinement or exile.
- Regulative censorships can be amended or revolutionized in ways that raise or lower bodycounts, numbers of books banned or citizens ghettoed or gulaged.
- The marriage would be the last good thing in [Spencer] Haywood's life for a long time. He was gulaged to basketball Siberia—the now-defunct New Orleans franchise—for his failure to resurrect the Knicks, but at [Kareem Abdul-]Jabbar's urging the Lakers acquired him in 1980.
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。