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If a person is gruff, their voice sounds rough and a little — short, low, and not soft. They may not be trying to hurt you. Some kind people just talk this way, especially someone who is busy, shy, or used to speaking little. Gruff is about the sound and the way of speaking more than about true anger. A gruff “What do you want?” can still come from a person who will help you. It can stretch a little to a gruff manner (short and not warm), but the heart of the word is that rough voice. It is everyday English; you will hear it in stories more than in science writing.
粗聲粗氣的
組成From the 16th century, from Dutch grof and/or Middle Low German grof, both meaning “rough, coarse, rude.” Those go back through Old Dutch or Old Saxon to Proto-West Germanic *grob and Proto-Germanic *grubaz (“coarse, rough”). Sister words in other Germanic languages still mean roughly the same thing (for example German grob, Swedish grov).
原始詞典資料6 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，原文照列，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
gruffadj詞源 1/ɡɹʌf/
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having a rough, surly, and harsh demeanor and nature.
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hoarse-voiced.
- a gruff woman
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hoarse.
- a gruff voice
gruffverb詞源 1/ɡɹʌf/
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To speak gruffly.
- “Who gave you that?” replied my father angrily. “Did you bribe someone?” “No,” I told him. “It was a gift, from some people who really want me to be on this trip.” “Fine,” he gruffed.
gruffadj詞源 3/ɡɹʌf/
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Of goods: bulky.
- […] articles that usually compose the gruff cargoes of our outward bound shipping.
- […] which by causing a great export of rice enhances the price of labour, and consequently of all other gruff, piece-goods and raw silk […]
這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形：
資料來源：英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary（CC BY-SA 4.0）。 原文照列，未經改寫。