- 1痛風
Gout is an illness that makes a joint suddenly hot, swollen, and very painful. The big toe is the famous place — so sore that even a bedsheet can hurt — but fingers, knees, and other joints can swell too. It tends to come in attacks: one day you are fine, the next day you can hardly walk. People used to call it a rich man’s disease, because heavy food, red meat, and a lot of wine seemed to bring it on; though actually anyone can get it, and it is about a waste stuff in the blood that forms sharp bits in the joint, not about being “too grand.” It is a medical word, used by doctors and in the news, not a slang word. Older English also used gout for a drop of liquid, but that sense is rare now; the illness is the meaning you will meet.
組成From Middle English goute, from Old French, from Latin gutta, “a drop.” Old doctors, who thought the body was full of humours, pictured a bad drop of stuff falling from the blood into the joints. That is why a “drop” word became an illness word. The same Latin word also gave English goutte and gutta.
同家族的字
- gouttea doublet: same Latin “drop” root, kept closer to the French form
- guttaa doublet: the Latin word itself, still used in English for a small drop shape
原始詞典資料6 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
goutnoun詞源 1/ɡaʊt/
- 1
medicinepathologysciencesAn extremely painful inflammation of joints, especially of the big toe, caused by a metabolic defect resulting in the accumulation of uric acid in the blood and the deposition of urates around the joints.
- Once gout was confined largely to Western civilization (with some outliers, like the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan); now its ravages are global.
- 2
A drop; a spurt or splotch.
- Alternative forms: gut, gutt
- I see thee still, / And on thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood.
- 3
rareA disease of wheat and cornstalks, caused by insect larvae.
goutverb詞源 1/ɡaʊt/
- 1
To spurt.
- Dark blood gouts from the creature's brisket.
goutnoun詞源 3
- 1
obsoleteTaste; relish.
- After a time, however, he became more sensible of the reviving influence proceeding from renewed energy; luxurious indolence had for ever lost to him its goût;[…]
- A modern refinement is to put laver in the dripping-pan, which, in basting, imparts a high gout: or a large saddle may be served over a pound and a half of laver, stewed in brown sauce with catsup […]
這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形：
- gote
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。