核心畫面

Start with the plain count: forty things, forty years, forty dollars. One exact number on the line. Then notice what English does when it makes that number plural — the forties. The moment you say the forties, the single point opens into a band: not 40 exactly, but the whole stretch from 40 to 49. That one trick explains the rest of the word. Whatever is being counted — years of a century, years of a life, degrees on a — the forties marks the ten-wide strip that begins at 40.

先從最單純的數數開始:四十個東西、四十年、四十塊錢,數線上一個明確的點。接著看英文把這個數字變成複數以後發生了什麼事更多收起先從最單純的數數開始:四十個東西、四十年、四十塊錢,數線上一個明確的點。接著看英文把這個數字變成複數以後發生了什麼事——the forties。一講成複數,那個點就攤開成一段:不再是剛好 40,而是 40 到 49 的一整段。這個小動作就解釋了 forty 其他的用法。不管數的是一個世紀裡的年份、一個人活過的歲數,還是溫度計上的度數,the forties 標的都是從 40 開始、寬十格的那一條帶子。

Two branches

數字 40 本身

數線上那一個點,其他用法都是從這個點展開的。

the number 40 · number · A2

The number 40.

四十

the forties:40 到 49 那一段

把單數的點變成複數的一段。同一個 the forties 的形狀,套在不同的量尺上,就分別是年代、年紀和溫度——句子裡的上下文負責告訴你在量什麼。

the 1940s · number · A2

The forties are the years from 1940 to 1949 in a century.

四〇年代

原始詞典資料3 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,原文照列,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

fortynum詞源 1/ˈfɔːti/

  • 1

    The cardinal number occurring after thirty-nine and before forty-one, represented in Roman numerals as XL and in Arabic numerals as 40.

    • 'Tis forty years this very day, Since you and I, old girl, were married.

fortynoun詞源 1/ˈfɔːti/

  • 1

    slangA bottle (of beer) containing forty fluid ounces.

    • It's on, wrap my lips around the forty / And when it comes to getting another stogie […] Grab your forty, let's get keyed

fortyadj詞源 2/ˈfɔːti/

  • 1

    Resembling or characteristic of a fort.

資料來源:英文維基詞典 English WiktionaryCC BY-SA 4.0)。 原文照列,未經改寫。