When fruit, beer, or wine ferments, the sugar in it changes into alcohol. That change is fermentation.

When fruit, beer, or wine ferments當水果、啤酒或酒發酵時 the sugar in it changes into alcohol裡面的糖會變成酒精。That change這個變化 is就叫做 fermentation「fermentation」（發酵）。

Tiny living things, often yeast, eat the sugar and leave alcohol and bubbles of gas behind. This is how people make wine from grapes and beer from grain. Bakers use the same idea in bread: the yeast makes gas, so the dough rises, and a little alcohol cooks away in the oven.

Tiny living things微小的生物 often yeast通常是酵母菌 eat the sugar把糖吃掉 and leave alcohol and bubbles of gas behind留下酒精和一顆顆氣泡。This is how這就是為什麼 people make wine from grapes and beer from grain人們可以用葡萄釀酒、用穀物釀啤酒。Bakers烘焙師 use the same idea in bread在麵包上用同樣的原理 the yeast makes gas酵母菌會產生氣體 so所以 the dough rises麵團會膨脹起來 and而 a little alcohol cooks away in the oven一點點酒精會在烤箱裡揮發掉。

Though actually, the word is wider than drink. In yoghurt, kimchi, and some pickles, the sugar turns sour, not into alcohol — and people still call that fermentation. In everyday talk, if juice is fermenting in a bad way, it may simply mean it is going off and starting to smell of alcohol.

Though actually不過 the word這個字 is wider than drink的用法比飲料更廣。In yoghurt, kimchi, and some pickles在優格、泡菜和一些醃菜裡 the sugar turns sour糖會變酸 not into alcohol而不是變成酒精 and而 people still call that fermentation人們還是把這叫做fermentation。In everyday talk在日常說法裡 if juice is fermenting in a bad way如果說果汁「fermenting」得不太好 it may simply mean可能就只是說 it is going off and starting to smell of alcohol它開始壞掉、開始有點酒味了。

Scientists use the word more carefully, for this whole family of changes that living cells make in sugar.

Scientists科學家 use the word more carefully用這個字比較嚴謹 for this whole family of changes指的是這一整類的變化 that living cells make in sugar活細胞對糖所做的變化。