- 1家族的、家庭的；醫學上常說「家族性」（如家族性疾病。別當成 familiar「熟悉的」）
Familial means “of the family” or “typical of a family”. A familial duty is something the family expects. Doctors use it a lot: a familial illness is one that tends to show up in relatives, not just in one person — it runs in the family. It is a formal, slightly technical adjective. Everyday English would often just say family: family life, family history. You reach for familial when you want the adjective to sound precise, especially in medicine. Though actually, mix this up with familiar, which looks like a cousin and is one: both go back to Latin familia, the household. But they took different paths. Familial is about family. Familiar means “well known to you”, or friendly in a way that may be too close.
From the word’s history
From French familial, from Latin familia 'household' + -al.
源自法文 familial，來自拉丁文 familia「家庭、家僕」加 -al。
組成From French familial, from Latin familia (household). On the surface: family + -al (of that kind). It is a piecewise doublet of familiar — same old household-root, different path.
原始詞典資料4 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
familialadj/fəˈmɪljəl/
- 1
Of or pertaining to a human family.
- Mark had to leave work due to familial obligations.
- Asylums and the Care of the Insane.—Dr. Wille, the director of the recently opened asylum for the Canton of Zurich, at Rheinau, delivered a lecture on this subject to the Swiss Association of Alienists. […] In discussing the mode of providing for the incurable, he refers to the familial system and the agricultural colony. […] Another kind of familial treatment is when under similar circumstances improved patients are discharged from an establishment, but after their discharge they are still more or less looked after in connection with the establishment, and receive superintendence by the authorities, or by organised associations.
- 2
biologynatural-sciencestaxonomyPertaining to a taxon at the rank of family.
- Having milky latex is a familial characteristic of Apocynaceae.
- 3
Of or pertaining to any grouping of things referred to as a family.
- "Grandfather", "mother", and "brother" are some English familial terms.
- The late Eocene was a fascinating time with respect to community changes among terrestrial organisms. Among the mammals, for example, the greatest worldwide ordinal (26 total) and familial (about 120, plus bats and modern-type whales) diversity occurred.
- 4
medicinepathologysciencesInherited.
- fatal familial insomnia
- Cerebral CMs [cavernous malformations] are, for the majority of cases, sporadic lesions. However, familial incidences have been documented for quite some time. In 1928, Kufs reported two cases: an 81-year-old man who presented with "multiple intercranial nodular telangiectases," and his daughter, suspected of harboring a lesion in the pons.
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。