Emphysema is a serious long-term lung disease. The tiny air bags in the lungs get damaged and stay too stretched, so the lungs cannot push air out well.

Emphysema is a serious long-term lung diseaseEmphysema（肺氣腫）是一種嚴重的長期肺部疾病 The tiny air bags in the lungs get damaged and stay too stretched肺裡的小氣囊受損、變得過度撐大， so the lungs cannot push air out well導致肺沒辦法把空氣好好排出去

The person often gets breathless from small effort, may cough a lot, and may need to sit up to breathe. Smoking is the usual cause; dirty air and some jobs can play a part.

The person often gets breathless from small effort病人常常稍微一動就喘， may cough a lot可能會一直咳嗽， and may need to sit up to breathe也可能需要坐直才能呼吸 Smoking is the usual cause抽菸是常見的原因； dirty air and some jobs can play a part髒空氣和某些工作也可能有影響

Doctors often talk about it under the bigger name COPD, together with chronic bronchitis. This is a medical word, not a metaphor in ordinary talk.

Doctors often talk about it under the bigger name COPD醫生常常把它歸在COPD（慢性阻塞性肺病）這個大類底下講， together with chronic bronchitis跟chronic bronchitis（慢性支氣管炎）放在一起 This is a medical word, not a metaphor in ordinary talk這是個醫學用字，不是日常說話裡的比喻

The name is old (from the late 1500s) and pictures a swelling or something puffed up: from post-Classical Latin emphȳsēma, from Ancient Greek emphū́sēma, from emphūsáō “to puff up,” and also through Middle French. It is not a cousin of emphasis, even though the start looks similar.

The name is old (from the late 1500s)這個字很古老（從1500年代晚期就有了）， and pictures a swelling or something puffed up描繪的是腫脹、或膨脹起來的樣子： from post-Classical Latin emphȳsēma來自後古典拉丁文的emphȳsēma， from Ancient Greek emphū́sēma再往上追是古希臘文的emphū́sēma， from emphūsáō "to puff up,"源自emphūsáō，意思是「吹脹」， and also through Middle French中間也經過中古法文 It is not a cousin of emphasis它跟emphasis（強調）沒有親戚關係， even though the start looks similar雖然開頭看起來很像