Conditioning is a kind of training that gets into the body and the habits. People or animals learn to behave in a particular way when particular things happen, because that pairing has happened again and again.

Conditioning 制約 is a kind of training that gets into the body and the habits 是一種深入身體跟習慣的訓練。People or animals 人或動物 learn to behave in a particular way 學會用特定的方式反應 when particular things happen 當特定的事情發生時, because that pairing has happened again and again 因為那個配對已經一再發生

The famous picture is a dog that starts to drool when it hears a bell, because the bell always came with food. Psychologists call that classical conditioning.

The famous picture 最有名的畫面 is a dog that starts to drool when it hears a bell 是一隻狗一聽到鈴聲就開始流口水, because the bell always came with food 因為鈴聲總是伴隨著食物出現。Psychologists call that classical conditioning 心理學家把這個叫做古典制約

There is also conditioning by reward and punishment: do this, get a treat; do that, get a scolding.

There is also conditioning by reward and punishment 也有靠獎勵跟懲罰產生的制約: do this, get a treat 做這個，就有獎勵; do that, get a scolding 做那個，就被罵

People use it more loosely too. “I’ve been conditioned to check my phone” means life has trained you, whether anyone sat down and meant to or not. The word can sound a bit scientific or textbook, which is why you meet it in psychology class and then hear it stretch in ordinary talk. The process can be gentle or harsh; the point is that the response starts to come almost by itself.

People use it more loosely too 大家也會比較鬆散地使用這個詞。"I've been conditioned to check my phone" 「I've been conditioned to check my phone」 means life has trained you 意思是生活已經把你訓練成這樣, whether anyone sat down and meant to or not 不管有沒有人特意這樣安排。The word can sound a bit scientific or textbook 這個字聽起來有點科學、有點教科書, which is why you meet it in psychology class and then hear it stretch in ordinary talk 這也是為什麼你會在心理學課堂上遇到它，然後又聽到它被延伸用在日常對話裡。The process can be gentle or harsh 這個過程可以是溫和的，也可以是嚴厲的; the point is that the response starts to come almost by itself 重點是那個反應會開始幾乎自動地出現