Capitalism is a way of running an economy in which private people and companies own the shops, factories, land, and tools, and they try to make a profit. What gets made, and what it costs, is mostly decided by buying and selling — by customers choosing, and by firms competing — rather than by the government telling every workshop what to produce. Capital here is the money and the things you own that can make more money, not a city and not a big letter.

Capitalism is a way of running an economy capitalism是一種經營經濟的方式，in which private people and companies own the shops, factories, land, and tools 私人和公司擁有商店、工廠、土地、工具，and they try to make a profit 而且他們想賺錢。What gets made, and what it costs 生產什麼、賣多少錢 is mostly decided by buying and selling 大多是由買賣來決定——by customers choosing, and by firms competing 由顧客選擇、由公司競爭決定——rather than by the government telling every workshop what to produce 而不是政府告訴每個工廠要生產什麼。Capital here 這裡的capital is the money and the things you own that can make more money 是指你擁有、能拿去賺更多錢的錢和東西，not a city and not a big letter 不是指一座城市，也不是大寫字母。

People use the word as a calm description, and they also use it as praise or as an attack, depending on who is talking. Some hear freedom and growth; others hear unfairness and greed.

People use the word as a calm description 大家有時候平平淡淡地用這個字來描述，and they also use it as praise or as an attack 有時候也拿它來稱讚或攻擊，depending on who is talking 看是誰在說話。Some hear freedom and growth 有些人聽到的是自由和成長；others hear unfairness and greed 有些人聽到的是不公平和貪婪。

Though actually, no country is “pure” capitalism. Every real place mixes private business with taxes, public schools, roads, hospitals, and rules about safety and pay. So the word names a leaning and a set of ideas, not a single switch that a nation either has or does not have.

Though actually, no country is "pure" capitalism 但其實沒有一個國家是「純」capitalism。Every real place mixes private business 每個真實存在的地方都把私人企業 with taxes, public schools, roads, hospitals, and rules about safety and pay 跟稅、公立學校、道路、醫院，還有安全和薪資的規定混在一起。So the word names a leaning and a set of ideas 所以這個字講的是一種傾向、一套想法，not a single switch that a nation either has or does not have 不是一個國家有或沒有的開關。

A family shop that keeps its profit after costs is a small picture of it; so is a huge company selling phones around the world.

A family shop that keeps its profit after costs 一間扣掉成本後把利潤留給自己的家庭商店 is a small picture of it 就是它的一個小縮影；so is a huge company selling phones around the world 一間在全世界賣手機的大公司也是。