- 1哈里發（伊斯蘭史上的最高統治者，字面帶「繼承人」之意）
A caliph is a Muslim ruler, especially in the past: the person at the head of a Muslim community or state. The Arabic word behind it means “successor,” and the first caliphs were seen as successors of the Prophet Muhammad, leading people in faith and in government at the same time. Though actually, a caliph is not simply another word for king. In the early centuries the title pointed to one leader for Muslims as a whole, not just the boss of one neat country; later, different families in different places used it, and it often sat closer to an emperor’s title. You meet it in history (Baghdad, Damascus, the Ottomans), and sometimes in the news when a group claims the old title. In ordinary today almost nobody is called a caliph; when the word appears, it is usually about the past, or about someone reaching for that past. It is a formal, historical word — not a word for a mayor, a president, or a school principal.
組成From Arabic khalīfa, “successor,” into English through Medieval Latin calipha and Old French caliphe (Middle English calife / caliphe).
同家族的字
- caliphatethe land a caliph rules, or the period of that rule; built from caliph
原始詞典資料2 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
caliphnoun/ˈkeɪlɪf/
- 1
The holder of a monarchical title based on a claim to be a successor of Muhammad.
- The Abbasid caliphs patronized art and science beside religious developments ushering in the Islamic Golden Age when their capital Baghdad began to flourish as a center of knowledge, culture and trade.
- It carries us to the East, and the stately halls of the caliphs rise on the mind's eye; and we think over the thousand and one stories which made our childhood so happy, and stored up a world of unconscious poetry for our future years:...
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。