Caligula was a Roman emperor who lived from AD 12 to 41 and ruled for only a few years. Later Roman writers remember him as wildly cruel, violent, and not in his right mind — stories of killings, wild spending, and strange orders stuck to his name.

Caligula was a Roman emperor who lived from AD 12 to 41Caligula是一位西元12年到41年在世的羅馬皇帝，and ruled for only a few years只統治了短短幾年。Later Roman writers remember him as wildly cruel, violent, and not in his right mind後來的羅馬作家把他記載成極度殘暴、暴力、精神不正常 — stories of killings, wild spending, and strange orders stuck to his name殺戮、揮霍、怪異命令的故事都跟他的名字連在一起。

How much of that is fair history, and how much is enemies talking after he was dead, is something scholars still argue about; the popular picture, though, is of a young emperor who went mad with power.

How much of that is fair history, and how much is enemies talking after he was dead這些描述有多少是公正的歷史，又有多少是他死後敵人的抹黑，is something scholars still argue about學者至今仍在爭論；the popular picture, though, is of a young emperor who went mad with power不過大眾印象是一位被權力弄瘋的年輕皇帝。

He was murdered in AD 41. In English his name is now a shorthand for a ruler who is both cruel and out of control.

He was murdered in AD 41他在西元41年被暗殺。In English his name is now a shorthand for a ruler who is both cruel and out of control在英文裡他的名字現在是「殘暴又失控的統治者」的代稱。

It is a proper name, always written with a capital C.

It is a proper name這是個專有名詞，always written with a capital C永遠大寫C。