Astana is the capital city of Kazakhstan, a large country in Central Asia. It is the second biggest city there; Almaty is bigger, and was the capital before.

Astana isAstana是 the capital city of Kazakhstan哈薩克的首都，哈薩克是 a large country in Central Asia一個位於中亞的大國 It is the second biggest city there它是當地第二大城市； Almaty is bigger阿拉木圖（Almaty）比較大， and was the capital before以前也曾是首都

Astana sits on the open, windy steppe in the north, and was built up quickly in the 1990s as a new seat of government. The Kazakh name Astana simply means ‘capital’.

Astana sits on the open, windy steppe in the northAstana位於北方空曠多風的草原上， and was built up quickly in the 1990s在1990年代被迅速建設起來， as a new seat of government成為新的政府所在地 The Kazakh name Astana哈薩克語的Astana這個名字， simply means 'capital'就是「首都」的意思

Though actually, the city’s official name has jumped around: for a few years (2019 to 2022) it was called Nur-Sultan, after a former president, and then the name Astana came back. Older maps, old news, and some speakers still say Nur-Sultan, so you may see both.

Though actually不過其實， the city's official name has jumped around這座城市的正式名稱換來換去： for a few years (2019 to 2022) it was called Nur-Sultan有幾年（2019到2022年）曾叫做Nur-Sultan（努爾蘇丹）， after a former president是用一位前總統的名字命名的， and then the name Astana came back後來又改回Astana這個名字 Older maps, old news, and some speakers still say Nur-Sultan舊地圖、舊新聞，還有一些人還是會說Nur-Sultan， so you may see both所以你可能兩種名字都會看到

If a text says ‘the capital of Kazakhstan’ now, this is the city they mean.

If a text says 'the capital of Kazakhstan' now如果現在有文章說「哈薩克的首都」， this is the city they mean指的就是這座城市